Memorandum

City of Lawrence

Engineering

 

TO:

Charles Soules

CC:

Terese Gorman

FROM:

Steven Lashley

Date:

April 20, 2006

RE:

DRAFT 2007 Proposed Contracted Street Repair

 

Pavement Management Program Approach, Strategies, & Goal

Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis is an industry standard used by many communities as a reliable approach for the planning of maintenance activities for streets and is a key element for an effective Pavement Management Program.  The City of Lawrence Public Works staff has been developing this management approach by first collecting the present condition information, using a pavement condition survey, and then applying the LCC approach through analysis of the information collected.  This LCC approach will enable us to better identify the maintenance and repair techniques that are best suited for the streets, give us the tools to predict the optimal time to perform the maintenance activity, resulting in a lower cost, more efficient maintenance program.

 

An effective Pavement Management Program focuses on “keeping the good pavements in good condition”.  The goal of pavement preservation is to:

 

·         Slow the deterioration rate of our city streets

·         Extend the life cycles of our city streets

 

This can be done effectively through the timely application of preventative maintenance techniques to postpone pavement failure.  Essentially, it is more economical to preserve the streets than to delay the proper repairs and end up with the need for minor to major rehabilitation of city streets.

 

Public Works has taken the approach to address the deterioration of the streets in good condition by implementing a more aggressive crack sealing program and by proposing the future use of a substantial amount of microsurfacing (thin asphaltic surface seal) maintenance work.  This, in effect, will slow the deterioration rate of our “good” streets.  We are also addressing streets that are near the critical point, where preventative maintenance would be no longer be effective, by performing milling and overlay and other significant rehabilitation maintenance work.  As the program progresses, a greater number of city streets will be considered in good condition and will be able to be maintained at a lower cost.  As we increase the inventory of streets rated “good” or better, using these techniques, additional focus will be placed on the streets that have deteriorated below the critical range and are in a condition requiring more expensive maintenance.  This program will allow us to apply more of the funding towards those streets without negatively impacting the deterioration of our “good” streets.  Phasing the repair of heavily deteriorated streets will not significantly increase the cost due to the expense of the maintenance that it would already require to bring the pavement up to a sustainable level.

 

Another key component of an effective Program is providing appropriate material and construction specifications.  The Public Works staff has, within the last few years, made changes to street pavement specifications.  For example, any newly constructed street requires that the pavement subgrade be treated with fly-ash to provide a more stable foundation for the pavement material.  Also, changes have been made to the concrete pavement design standard to increase its durability and, ultimately, extend the life cycle of concrete pavement and curb and gutter.  Currently, the asphaltic concrete design standards are under review.  These types of actions to ever-improve our design standards will directly impact the overall longevity of street infrastructure.

 

Ultimately, the City’s goal for a comprehensive Pavement Management Program is to provide and maintain a safe and efficient transportation network through the application of cost-effective maintenance treatments to extend the overall life of the City’s street infrastructure.

 

Background Information

The list of projects for 2007 (as in years past) is developed using a number of criteria.  These criteria include physical roadway condition, traffic volume, citizen requests for repairs, and project scope.  For this last criterion, staff determines if the project is presenting on-going maintenance problems for the street division that cannot be efficiently repaired by City crews.  To aid us in the determination of physical roadway condition, we are utilizing the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) ratings that have been collected as part of the Pavement Management System (PMS).  See also (attached separately) January 31, 2006 Memorandum on Pavement Management Program & 2006 Contracted Street Repair Project.

 

Pavement Management System & Projected Status

In late October, 2005, the first survey cycle (referred to as Cycle One) of the street pavement condition inventory for the PMS was completed, which involved a physical inventory and analysis of every street segment within the City of Lawrence.  The PMS provides Public Works with a management tool to maintain an inventory of street pavement, including respective condition and maintenance work history, and the ability to identify budget needs and impacts associated with pavement preservation strategies.  This data has also been utilized to assist us in the review of our current construction practices and design standards.  The PCI rating is a number assigned to a pavement segment based on its condition, and ranges from 0-100.  A lower number reflects a street with higher severity and more frequently occurring pavement distresses.  Examples of factors affecting the PCI rating include:  type and severity of cracking (traverse, longitudinal, fatigue), surface defects (spalling, raveling, potholes), rutting, settlements, and pavement base failure.  Staff has reviewed the pavement maintenance work histories and has determined deterioration factors for each street classification, including pavement type.  Knowing the rate at which a certain type of street deteriorates gives us the ability to predict relative maintenance needs and associated costs.  The accuracy level of the calculated deterioration rates will increase as more survey cycles are performed and the data collected is further analyzed.

 

Projected Pavement Condition Status

The following graph (Figure 1) displays the comparative PCI frequency distribution for all the streets surveyed from Cycle One analysis through the projected completion of the 2007 contracted maintenance work (see Proposed Program Funding – 2007 in this document) that is proposed for the 2007 work year with the inclusion of applied deterioration rates.

 

At the end of 2007, it has been projected that the percentage of streets (yellow bars) that fall within the approximate PCI range of 50 to 70 has dramatically shifted to the PCI range of 70 to 100.  This change is a direct result of the steps Public Works has taken to crack seal streets and to follow up with planned patching and microsurfacing treatments, along with other milling and overlaying maintenance activities.  Streets that have progressed beyond the normal preventative maintenance or simple milling and overlay period (approximately PCI range of 40 to 50 and below) will be addressed as soon as funding becomes available to allow for an effective shift in maintenance focus.  This type of strategy, as discussed earlier in this document, will set the City up for long-term success to be able to manage and sustain our city streets at a maintainable level through the use of preservation techniques.  This long term goal can be displayed by the continual positive shift of the percentage of streets to the right side of the blue “preventative maintenance” line designation.


 

Figure 1

 

 

 

The following graphics (Figures 2, 3, & 4) display the improvements that are being made on the condition of our city street curb and gutter.  Upon completion of the projected 2007 contracted work, the City will have replaced over 20 miles of Poor curb and gutter and 5 miles of adjacent Fair curb and gutter.  In turn, and excluding new construction, the City will have increased the number of miles of Good curb and gutter by approximately 26 miles or by approximately 4%.  The City has improved their concrete design standard in recent years to include a more durable concrete composition that will extend the life cycle of concrete pavement and curb and gutter.

 

Figure 2


 

Figure 3

 

Figure 4

 

 

 

Brick Streets

Within the central part of the City there exist several streets that are exposed brick streets, or brick streets that have been overlaid with asphalt (see attached map).  Historically these streets have received maintenance only on an as needed basis due to potholes/significant settling.  However, direction is needed on the expectations for these streets.  If the asphalt is removed (milled off), it is likely that the bricks will deteriorate significantly.  It has not been the City’s recent practice to overlay brick streets once exposed.

 

Several years ago the Street Division re-laid a couple blocks on Mississippi St, between 7th St and 8th St (Photo 1).  We have also milled off the asphalt in the 1200 and 1300 blocks of Rhode Island St and the bricks are severely deteriorating (Photo 2).  In 2005, the City submitted a Transportation Enhancement Application request for the reconstruction of the 600 and 700 block of Ohio St to a brick street.


Photo1

 

Photo 2

 

There are two options to rebuild a brick street:

  1. Place an 8”-10” aggregate base and relay the brick.  This type of base would hold water and potentially see soft areas that would settle.  Estimated cost, - $300,000 - $400,000/block.
  2. Place a concrete/asphalt base with 1” of sand and install bricks.  Estimated cost - $400,000 - $500,000/block.

 

It is anticipated that when reconstructing a brick street only 50% of the existing bricks will be reusable.  An average block (not including the intersections) will use approximately 100,000 bricks at an estimated cost of $2.00 to $3.00 each for brick pavers.  This amounts to $100,000 to $150,000 for brick pavers per block.

 

Commission direction is requested with respect to how (policy) the City should proceed to improve these streets.  If the Commission desires to reconstruct a brick street in 2007 additional funding would be required.


Contracted Street Repair

We have prepared a list of recommended locations for contracted street repair.  Typically, the list of streets to be repaired is broken into multiple contracts based on the type of work or combination of work planned, such as:

 

·    Crack Sealing

·    Chip and Seal

·    Microsurfacing

·    Milling and Overlay

·    Curb and Gutter Repair

·    Pavement Patching (Asphalt or Concrete Repair)

·    KLINK (Kansas Department of Transportation Connecting Links Resurfacing Program)

– resurfacing of a State Highway System route within the City limits

 

By issuing multiple contracts, the work can be bid by contractors according to their specialties and can be spread evenly over the construction season so as to be more manageable for City staff (inspection, project coordination, etc.).  Due to the significant increase in construction costs, mainly petroleum (asphaltic) materials, the City will be unable to contract and perform as much maintenance work as would have been proposed.

 

 

Proposed Program Funding - 2007

The following is a breakdown of the costs associated with the respective maintenance activity for the proposed 2007 Contracted Street Repair Project:

         

Maintenance Type

Approximate Construction Cost

Crack Sealing

$300,000

Patching & Microsurfacing

$1,600,000

Milling & Overlay

$2,900,000

Curb & Gutter Repair

$1,200,000

PROJECTED TOTAL

$6,000,000*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*TOTAL excludes KLINK bonding funds

 

 

Please see the attached map that displays the proposed 2007 maintenance locations, including some additional planned project locations for future maintenance activities.  KLINK locations have not been included.

 

 

The following list of street pavement segments that are currently designated and established as major or main trafficways per City Code 17-501 and are included in the above proposed 2007 contracted maintenance work:

 

Street

From

To

Maintenance

Type

Approximate Construction Cost

Naismith Dr

W 19th St

W 23rd St

Mill, Overlay, Curb & Gutter

$300,000

W 8th St

Holiday Dr

Kasold Dr

Mill, Overlay, Curb & Gutter

$110,000

W 9th St

Lawrence Ave

Holiday Dr

Mill, Overlay, Curb & Gutter

$130,000

W 9th St

Kentucky St

Iowa St

Mill, Overlay, Curb & Gutter

$400,000

W 15th St

Burdick Dr

Iowa St

Curb & Gutter

$90,000

PROJECTED TOTAL (Included In Projected Total Above)

$1,030,000

The following pavement segments represent the complete listing of streets that are planned for Milling & Overlay (M O) and/or Curb & Gutter Repair (CG) in the 2007 Contract Street Repair Project:

 

 

 

Street

From

To

Cycle One PCI

Maintenance Type

Alabama St

W 4th St

W 5th St

42

M O

Arkansas St

W 4th St

W 5th St

21

M O

Atchison Ave

W 26th St

64' N of W 27th St

62

M O

Brook St

Maple Ln

Miller Dr

46

M O CG

Campfire Ct

Cul-de-sac

Campfire Dr

59

M O

Campfire Dr

Settlers Dr

Rockfence Pl

42

M O

Chalk Hill Ct

W 9th St

Cul-de-sac

53

M O

Cimarron Dr

E 25th Ter

SEOP

57

M O

Cimarron Dr (Bulb)

Cul-de-sac

Cimarron Dr

55

M O CG

Crescent Rd

W Campus Dr

10' E of Naismith Dr

41

M O

Deerfield Ln

Glenview Dr

Princeton Blvd

53

M O

E 18th Ter

Maple Ln

Harper St

57

M O

E 20th St

New Hampshire St

Barker Ave

44

M O

E 21st Ter

145' S of E 21st St

Maple Ln

50

M O

E 26th St

129' E of Allison Dr

Ponderosa Dr

58

M O

Engel Rd

University Dr

W 15th St

51

CG

Frontier Rd

Riverview Rd

Trail Rd

46

M O

Hilltop Dr

W 9th St

Harvard Rd

38

M O CG

Homestead Dr

Lawrence Ave (N)

Lawrence Ave (S)

41

M O

Kansas St

Montana St

Utah St

59

M O

Mississippi St

W 4th St

W 5th St

35

M O CG

N Perimeter Rd

Learnard Ave

E 23rd St (E)

53

M O CG

Naismith Dr

W 18th St

W 19th St

54

M O CG

Naismith Dr

W 19th St

W 19th Ter

54

M O CG

Naismith Dr

Naismith Dr (NB&SB)

W 24th St

41

M O

Naismith Dr

W 19th Ter

W 20th St

54

M O CG

Naismith Dr (NB)

W 23rd St

Naismith Dr

54

M O

Naismith Dr (SB)

W 20th St

W 23rd St

63

M O CG

Naismith Dr (SB)

W 23rd St

Naismith Dr

47

M O

Ohio St

NEOP

Dakota St

39

M O

Ohio St

Dakota St

Kansas St

42

M O

Pebble Ln

W 27th Ter

W 28th St

51

M O

Pebble Ln

W 28th St

W 30th St

50

M O

Ponderosa Dr

E 25th Ter

40' S of E 26th St

59

M O

Rhode Island St

E 20th St

186' S of E 20th St

57

M O

Rhode Island St

E 19th St

E 20th St

52

M O CG

Schwarz Rd

W 9th St

Yale Rd

59

M O

Sharon Ct

Trail Rd

Cul-de-sac

56

M O CG

Silicon Ave

147' S of Crosswind Ct

E 23rd St

50

M O

Trail Rd

EOP

Lawrence Ave

47

M O

Trail Rd

125' W of Terri Ct

Folks Rd

63

M O

Trail Rd

Monterey Way

134' W of Eldridge St

59

M O CG

Trail Rd

134' W of Eldridge St

125' W of Terri Ct

58

M O

Vermont St

E 23rd St

Montana St

49

M O

W 15th St

103' W of Burdick Dr (P)

Iowa St

59

CG

W 21st St

Louisiana St

Naismith Dr (NB)

46

M O CG

W 22nd St

Vermont St

Tennessee St

51

M O CG

W 24th St

Naismith Dr

540' E of Ousdahl Rd

47

M O CG

W 26th St

Lawrence Ave

WEOP

53

M O

W 27th Ter

136' E of Pebble Ln

Lawrence Ave

53

M O

W 4th St

30' W of Arkansas St

Michigan St

43

M O CG

W 4th St

Maine St

31.5' W of Missouri St

44

M O CG

 

 

 

Street

From

To

Cycle One PCI

Maintenance Type

W 4th St

31.5' W of Missouri St

30' W of Arkansas St

46

M O CG

W 4th St

Indiana St

Maine St

58

M O CG

W 8th St

W 9th St

Kasold Dr

40

M O CG

W 9th St

Lawrence Ave

W 8th St

62

M O CG

W 9th St

90' E of Emery Rd

528' E of Avalon Rd

66

M O

W 9th St

Kentucky St

90' E of Emery Rd

58

M O

W 9th St

528' E of Avalon Rd

Iowa St

55

M O

W 9th St (Bulb)

W 9th St

Cul-de-sac

47

M O

W Campus Dr

W Hills Ter

Crescent Rd

47

M O

W North Park St

Massachusetts St

Vermont St

53

CG

W South Park St

Massachusetts St

Vermont St

56

CG

Westridge Ct

Frontier Rd

Cul-de-sac

48

M O

Westridge Ct

Cul-de-sac

Frontier Rd

46

M O

Yale Rd

Highland Dr

Iowa St

38

M O CG

Yale Rd

Crestline Dr

Schwarz Rd

56

M O

Yorkshire Dr

Princeton Blvd

Peterson Rd

56

M O CG